Haemophilus influenzae (HIB) vaccine reaction citations
HIB vaccination Citations
Basson
E, Di Maio M, Stamm D, Cagnin S, Berger C, Floret D. Arch Pediatr 1996
Apr;3(4):342-4 [Haemophilus influenzae meningitis following vaccination. Consequence or
coincidence]?[Article in French] Unite de reanimation pediatrique, hopital
Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France.
BACKGROUND: The introduction of vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b
(Hib) has had a substantial impact on Hib infections. Their use has established their
excellent safety profiles but occasional adverse effects have been reported.
CASE REPORT: A 4 month-old infant was admitted for a severe form of Hib meningitis with
septicemia whose first manifestations developed 3 hours after the first immunization with
a conjugate vaccine against Hib (PRP-T). The outcome was good without any sequelae.
DISCUSSION: A dramatic decrease in serum antibodies due to antigen-antibody reaction
during the first days
after immunization has been reported; this mechanism and some epidemiological data could
favor the hypothesis that the vaccine is responsible for the infection, at least the
unconjugated vaccines.
CONCLUSION: Any fever occurring in the immediate post-immunization period must alert the
possibility of a Hib infection.
D'Cruz
OF, Shapiro ED, Spiegelman KN, Leicher CR, Breningstall GN, Khatri BO, Dobyns WB.
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome)
after immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. J Pediatr. 1989 Nov;115(5 Pt 1):743-6. No abstract available. PMID: 2809907
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Ferson
MJ, Fisher GT. Antigenuria following Haemophilus influenzae type B
vaccination. J Paediatr Child Health. 1993 Dec;29(6):482-3. No
abstract available. PMID: 8286173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Granoff et al. (1986) analysed 228 reports of invasive disease due to Hib in vaccinated children submitted to the FDA administration between May 1985 and September 1987. Over 90% of these children were more than 24 months of age, when the vaccine is supposed to be somewhat effective
Gervaix
A, Caflisch M, Suter S, Haenggeli CA. Guillain-Barre syndrome following
immunisation with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. Eur
J Pediatr. 1993 Jul;152(7):613-4. PMID: 8354324 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Granoff
DM, et al.Host and bacterial factors associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b
disease in Minnesota children vaccinated with type b polysaccharide vaccine. J Infect Dis.
1989 May;159(5):908-16. PMID: 2785147; UI: 89215362
Host and bacterial factors were evaluated among 86 Minnesota children with
Haemophilus influenzae type b disease detected by active surveillance after introduction
of type b polysaccharide vaccine in the state. Children were 2-6 y of age. Thirty-three
(38%) had been vaccinated. There was no significant difference between the frequency of
low serum concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG, or IgG2 in the vaccinated and nonvaccinated
subjects (13% vs. 8%, P = .5). The presence of the Gm immunoglobulin allotype phenotype
(1,3,17;23;5,13,21), previously associated with a lower relative risk of vaccine failure
in children from other states, was associated with a fourfold decrease in the relative
risk of vaccine failure in Minnesota (P less than .07). Haemophilus isolates from 58 of
the children were available for clonal characterization by multilocus electrophoresis and
outer membrane protein subtyping. There were no significant differences between the clone
distribution of the strains causing disease in vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients, and
nearly all disease-producing clones in Minnesota also are known to cause disease in other
areas of the country. Thus, vaccine failure in Minnesota is infrequently associated with
hypogammaglobulinemia or with infection by unusual clones of a H. influenzae type b. Also,
the Gm phenotype associated with protection against vaccine failure in other areas of the
USA appears to be protective in Minnesota. PMID: 2785147, UI: 89215362
Granoff et al. (1986)] deals with 55 cases of invasive Hib diseases occurring in Children at least three weeks after vaccination. Meningitis developed in 39 children of whom 3 died and 6 had neurologic after-effects. The level of antibody to Hib in convalescent-phase serum from 31 of the vaccinated children who had Hib disease was significantly lower than that in the serum from 25 patients of similar age (range 17 to 47 months) with the disease who had never received the Hib vaccine.
"Risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease among children 2-16 years of age in the vaccine era, Switzerland, 1991-1993" (International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 25, no. 6, December 1996, pp. 1280-5): "Continued surveillance, and detailed investigation of direct and indirect effects of conjugated vaccines and risk factors…are important." 143 cases with invasive disease were selected, and vaccination status ascertained. "Cases more often than controls reported suffering from asthma and allergies… The observed association between asthma and epiglottitis is novel and deserves further investigation."
Moral Gil L, Gonzalez Montero R, Rubio Calduch EM, Moya Benavent M. [Type b Haemophilus influenzae meningitis after 2 doses of conjugated vaccine] An Esp Pediatr. 1996 Dec;45(6):645-6. Spanish. No abstract available.PMID: 9133234 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Nejmi SE, Tajri M, Laraki M, Sadraoui A. [Guillain-Barre syndrome following immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b] Arch Pediatr. 2001 Aug;8(8):894-5. French. No abstract available. PMID: 11524923 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Schreurs AJ, Nijkamp FP. Bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine induced
by Haemophilus influenzae vaccination.
Bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine 4 days following vaccination with the
human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae was tested in two in vivo and one in
vitro models. Conscious vaccinated guinea pigs exposed to aerosolized histamine became
asphyxial significantly faster than saline-treated controls. Also the bronchoconstriction
in anaesthetized guinea pigs as a result of i.v. histamine was significantly potentiated
in the H. influenzae pretreated group. Isoprenaline (30 micrograms/kg) partially inhibited
the bronchoconstriction. The difference in histamine sensitivity between the two groups
however remained. Protection against bronchoconstriction by atropine on the other hand was
significantly enhanced in the vaccinated animals. This suggests a hyperreactivity of the
parasympathetic, cholinergic pathways as a result of H. influenzae vaccination. PMID:
6335351, UI: 85118726
Terpstra GK, Raaijmakers JA, Hamelink M, Kreukniet J. Effects of
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on the (para-)sympathic-cyclic nucleotide-histamine
axis in rats.Ann Allergy 1979 Jan;42(1):36-40
To determine whether Haemophilus influenzae could be a factor in human atopy its effects
were studied on the (para-)Sympathic Cyclic nucleotide-histamine axis in rats. Haemophilus
influenzae vaccination induced changes in the cholinergic system compatible with higher
cyclic GMP levels and enhanced histamine release. The authors suggest an involvement of
the cholinergic system in Haemophilus influenzae vaccination effects. PMID: 216288, UI:
79101862
Citations below taken from: Can Hib Vaccine Cause Asthma?----- Heidi White
Muhlemann K; Alexander ER; Weiss NS; Pepe M; Schopfer KRisk factors
for invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease among children 2-16 years of age in the
vaccine era, Switzerland 1991-1993. The Swiss H. Influenzae Study Group. Int J
Epidemiol 1996 Dec;25(6):1280-5 PMID: 9027536 UI: 97179250
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Continued surveillance, and detailed investigation of direct and
indirect effects of conjugated vaccines and risk factors for invasive H.influenzae
serotype B (Hib) disease in the vaccine era are important. METHODS: 143 cases with
invasive disease between 1991 and 1993 aged 2-16 years were selected retrospectively from
a large incidence trend study. Controls (n = 336) were recruited from local vital
registries and matched to cases for age, gender, and residence. Hib vaccination histories
among study subjects and their siblings and other sociodemographic variables were obtained
by questionnaires completed by the parents of these children. Adjusted odds ratio (OR)
estimates were calculated by conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Most
vaccinated subjects had received the Polysaccharide- Diphtheria Toxoid vaccine and
estimated vaccine efficacy was high (95%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 60-99%). Also, the
results suggested that protection afforded by vaccination against Hib extended to the
family members of vaccinated children. School attendance was found to be protective
against invasive Hib disease (OR:0.33; CI:1.2-14.4). Cases more often than controls
reported suffering from asthma and allergies (OR:4.8; CI:1.2-19.4). CONCLUSIONS:
Post-licensure vaccine efficacy is high among children > or = 2 years of age. The
observed association between asthma and epiglottitis is novel and deserves further
investigation.
Kurono Y; Yamamoto M; Fujihashi K; Kodama S; Suzuki M; Mogi G; McGhee
JR; Kiyono H Nasal immunization induces Haemophilus influenzae-specific Th1
and Th2 responses with mucosal IgA and systemic IgG antibodies for protective immunity. J
Infect Dis 1999 Jul;180(1):122-32 PMID: 10353870 UI: 99282596
ABSTRACT: To determine the efficacy of a mucosal vaccine against nontypeable Haemophilus
influenzae (NTHi), mice were immunized nasally, orally, intratracheally, or
intraperitoneally with NTHi antigen together with cholera toxin. Antigen-specific IgA
antibody titers in nasal washes and the numbers of antigen-specific IgA-producing cells in
nasal passages showed the greatest increases in mice immunized nasally. Cytokine
analysis showed that interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were
induced by nasal immunization, suggesting that Th2- and Th1-type cells were generated.
Furthermore, bacterial clearance of a homologous strain of NTHi from the nasal tract was
significantly enhanced in the nasal immunization group. These findings suggest that nasal
immunization is an effective vaccination regimen for the induction of antigen-specific
mucosal immune responses, which reduce the colonization of NTHi in the nasal tract.
Nijkamp FP, et al. Facilitation of histamine release in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccinated experimental animal. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Jan;68(1):147P. No abstract available. PMID: 6153543 UI: 80131284
Raaijmakers JA; Terpstra GK; Kreukniet J Mast cells as a
possible source of Haemophilus influenzae-induced changes in plasma and lung histamine
levels. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1980;61(3):352-7 PMID: 6153378 UI:
80114589
ABSTRACT: Histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine levels of peritoneal mast
cells were enhanced 4 days after intraperitoneal Haemophilus influenzae vaccination of
rats. Incubation of the cells with propranolol (3.4 x 10(-4) M) resulted in histamine
release and an increased histidine decarboxylase activity. Histidine decarboxylase
activity and histamine release were more increased in the presence of propranolol in mast
cells obtained from H. influenzae-vaccinated rats. An increased mediator release is
also suggested by the increase of the number of peritoneal eosinophils. These data might
explain the earlier observed enhanced plasma and lung histamine levels in H. influenzae-
vaccinated rats.
Terpstra GK; Raaijmakers JA; Kreukniet J Comparison of
vaccination of mice and rats with Haemophilus influenzae and Bordetella pertussis as
models of atopy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1979 Mar-Apr;6(2):139-49 PMID: 311260
UI: 79126330
ABSTRACT: 1. Rats and mice were vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae in different
vaccination schedules whereafter blood eosinophils were counted. In rats a single
vaccination resulted in a dose-dependent effect on the blood eosinophil count in a pattern
comparable with that after Bordetella pertussis vaccination. In a long-term vaccination
schedule (five times a week for 5 weeks) rats developed a constant eosinophilia. In
mice a single vaccination resulted in an eosinopenia of a consistent pattern which
differed from the response after Bordetella pertussis vaccination; in a long-term
vaccination schedule, eosinophilia was evoked for a period of about 13 days. 2. Thirty
minutes after an adrenaline injection in vaccinated rats and mice with Haemophilus
influenzae, hyperglycaemic and eosinophilic responses were measured. The eosinophilic
response after adrenaline was inhibited in both species; the hyperglycaemic response in
rats was unaltered, in mice the response was slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05)
decreased. 3. The sensitivity to several drugs was tested in mice, 5 days after
vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae or Bordetella pertussis. Haemophilus influenzae
vaccination reduced the isoprenaline sensitivity and increased the noradrenaline
sensitivity. Bordetella pertussis vaccination reduced the isoprenaline sensitivity while
the sensitivity to histamine and adrenaline was raised. 4. The Haemophilus influenzae
vaccinated experimental animal provides a model that is possibly more related to human
atopy than the Bordetella pertussis vaccinated animal.
Terpstra GK; Raaijmakers JA; Hamelink M; Kreukniet JEffects of
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on the (para-)sympathic- cyclic nucleotide-histamine
axis in rats. Ann Allergy 1979 Jan;42(1):36-40 PMID: 216288 UI: 79101862
ABSTRACT: To determine whether Haemophilus influenzae could be a factor in human atopy
its effects were studied on the (para-)Sympathic Cyclic nucleotide-histamine axis in rats.
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination induced changes in the cholinergic system compatible
with higher cyclic GMP levels and enhanced histamine release. The authors suggest an
involvement of the cholinergic system in Haemophilus influenzae vaccination effects.
Schreurs AJ; Nijkamp FP Bronchial hyper-reactivity to
histamine induced by Haemophilus influenzae vaccination. Agents Actions 1984
Oct;15(3-4):211-5 PMID: 6335351 UI: 85118726
ABSTRACT: Bronchial hyper-reactivity to histamine 4 days following vaccination with the
human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae was tested in two in vivo and one in
vitro models. Conscious vaccinated guinea pigs exposed to aerosolized histamine became
asphyxial significantly faster than saline-treated controls. Also the bronchoconstriction
in anaesthetized guinea pigs as a result of i.v. histamine was significantly potentiated
in the H. influenzae pretreated group. Isoprenaline (30 micrograms/kg) partially
inhibited the bronchoconstriction. The difference in histamine sensitivity between the two
groups however remained. Protection against bronchoconstriction by atropine on the other
hand was significantly enhanced in the vaccinated animals. This suggests a
hyper-reactivity of the parasympathetic, cholinergic pathways as a result of H. influenzae
vaccination.
Terpstra GK; Kreukniet J; Raaijmakers JA Changes in
beta-adrenergic responses as a consequence of infection with micro-organisms.
Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 1984;135:34-46 PMID: 6329808 UI: 84236583
ABSTRACT: The B. pertussis model of atopy as proposed by Szentivanyi in 1968 has been a
starting point for much research involving the pathogenesis of COLD. Moreover, it supplied
more insight into the pharmaco-therapeutic approach toward this group of diseases. In this
review, it is shown that products of bacteria considered to be a constituent of the
normal flora of the human upper respiratory tract, such as H. influenzae, elicit changes
in adrenoceptor responsiveness which are compatible with an enhanced tendency toward
bronchoconstriction. One of the features of human atopy is enhanced mediator
release after appropriate stimuli resulting in bronchoconstriction. This phenomenon can be
mimicked in an animal model, the H. influenzae-vaccinated rat or guinea pig; enhanced
histamine synthesis and release are found in vivo as well as in vitro. The effects
point in the direction of a beta-adrenergic defect which is not only demonstrable in
biochemical but also in physiologically oriented parameters. Pulmonary smooth muscle
tissue appears to be less responsive to beta-adrenergic agonists and has an enhanced
tendency to contract. The view that these changes are indeed the reflection of changes
in adrenoceptor systems has been investigated in guinea pigs and rats. In both species impairment
of beta-adrenergic systems together with a reduction in the number of beta 2-adrenoceptors
was found after vaccination. Also the involvement of other factors, e.g.,
catecholamines, has been demonstrated. Comparable changes occur within the pulmonary
adrenoceptor populations of COLD patients, suggesting disturbed homeostasis in the
autonomic nervous system, possibly leading to bronchoconstriction. The question whether a
bacterial factor is important in these changes and might induce, sustain or enhance the
effects of other factors or even have a role in the pathogenesis of COLD is discussed in
this review.
Schreurs AJ; Terpstra GK; Raaijmakers JA; Nijkamp FP The
effects of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on anaphylactic mediator release and
isoprenaline-induced inhibition of mediator release. Eur J Pharmacol 1980 Apr
4;62(4):261-8 PMID: 6154589 UI: 80178911
ABSTRACT: The influence of Haemophilus influenzae on anaphylactic mediator release from
ovalbumin-sensitized isolated guinea pig lungs was investigated. Lungs from H.
influenzae-vaccinated animals released prostaglandins and thromboxanes following a smaller
dose of ovalbumin than was effective in non-vaccinated animals. Histamine release
was significantly increased in 4 day-vaccinated animals but not 1 or 10 days after
vaccination, while bronchoconstriction was potentiated in 1 and in 4 day-vaccinated
animals. This increased histamine release was achieved following 2 micrograms
ovalbumin. In contrast, doses of 10 micrograms and 1 mg ovalbumin respectively did not
affect and decreased histamine release in the vaccinated group. The inhibition of
anaphylactic mediator release by an infusion of 6 x 10(-9) M isoprenaline was
significantly attenuated by H. influenzae vaccination. These results indicate an
increased sensitivity to antigenic challenge and suggest that the functioning of
beta-adrenoceptors was decreased as a result of H. influenzae vaccination.
Schreurs AJ; Versteeg DH; Nijkamp FP Involvement of catecholamines in
Haemophilus influenzae induced decrease of beta-adrenoceptor function. Naunyn
Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1982 Sep;320(3):235-9 PMID: 6290901 UI: 83037012
ABSTRACT: The deeper airways of patients with asthmatic bronchitis are often infected with
Haemophilus influenzae. Vaccination of guinea pigs with H. influenzae resulted in a
significant impairment of the isoproterenol induced relaxation of isolated tracheal
spirals by approximately 50% 4 days following vaccination. In the present study we
further investigated the effects of some drugs affecting catecholamine release on the H.
influenzae induced functional desensitization of tracheal spirals. Benserazide, an
inhibitor of dopa-decarboxylase, completely prevented the reduction in
isoproterenol-induced relaxation after H. influenzae vaccination, while no effect on
relaxation of tracheal spirals from control animals was detected. On the other hand,
inhibiting the re-uptake of catecholamines with desipramine did not influence the
relaxation in the H. influenzae vaccinated tracheal spirals. Treatment of control animals
with desipramine however resulted in a decreased relaxation of the isolated spirals by
40%. One day following vaccination with H. influenzae the level of norepinephrine in lung
tissue was significantly elevated by 71%, and in plasma by 77%, while after 4 days no
significant effects were observed. The spontaneous release of norepinephrine, epinephrine
and dopamine of tracheal incubates was increased at days 1 and 4 following vaccination.
The release of catecholamines from minced lung incubates of H. influenzae pretreated
guinea pigs did not differ from that of controls. On the basis of these results it may be
suggested that catecholamine metabolism is changed in lungs from H. influenzae
vaccinated animals. Catecholamines, accordingly may play a role in the desensitization of
beta-adrenoceptors by H. influenzae.
Schreurs AJ; Terpstra GK; Raaijmakers JA; Nijkamp FP Effects of
vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae on adrenoceptor function of tracheal and
parenchymal strips. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1980 Dec;215(3):691-6 PMID: 6969303 UI:
81071818
ABSTRACT: Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can be isolated from the deeper
airways of asthmatic patients. We investigated the effect of vaccination with H.
influenzae on alpha and beta adrenoceptor function in guinea-pig tracheal spirals and lung
parenchymal strips. The tracheal spirals from H. influenzae-vaccinated animals showed
significantly less relaxation to isoproterenol as compared to controls, independent of
whether the trachea was maximally contracted with carbachol or only exhibited an intrinsic
tone. Furthermore, an increased contractile response to carbachol was observed in these
spirals. To isoproterenol in the presence of a beta-2 adrenergic antagonist (H35/25), or
to albutamol alone, the tracheal preparations from H. influenzae-vaccinated animals also
showed a decreased relaxation. These results suggest involvement of both beta-1 and beta-2
subtype adrenoceptors. On the other hand, lung parenchymal strips from vaccinated
guinea-pigs relaxed significntly more to these drugs. This effect was not influenced by
H35/25 but could be inhibited by phenoxybenzamine. Histamine-induced contraction did not
differ between the groups. These results indicated that H. influenzae causes a partial
blockade of the beta adrenoceptors in tracheal spirals and, therefore, may have important
implications in asthmatic bronchitis. In contrast, parenchymal lung strips of the H.
influenzae-pretreated group showed an increased relaxation.
Nijkamp FP, et al. Inhibition of effects of isoprenaline and adrenaline by Haemophilus influenzae vaccination. Br J Pharmacol. 1980 Jan;68(1):146P. No abstract available. PMID: 6965598
Schreurs AJ; Verhoef J; Nijkamp FPBacterial cell wall components
decrease the number of guinea-pig lung beta-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1983 Jan
28;87(1):127-32 PMID: 6301848 UI: 83182671
ABSTRACT: Infections of the deeper respiratory airways can contribute to the progression
of chronic asthmatic bronchitis. In the present report a number of microorganisms
affecting the number of beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig lung homogenates are described. Haemophilus
influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis and Escherichia coli O111B4
induced a significant decrease of the number of beta- adrenoceptors (by approximately
20%). Staphylococcus aureus, influenza A virus and Escherichia coli J5 were not active.
These data point to a common factor shared by gram-negative bacilli; i.e. endotoxin.
Purified endotoxin of E. coli O111B4 also decreased the number of beta- adrenoceptors,
while E. coli J5-LPS did not. This suggests that neutral polysaccharides of bacterial
cell walls, especially those in the 'O'- antigenic side chain of gram-negative endotoxins
may be responsible for the decrease of beta-adrenoceptor number and therefore contribute
to the pathogenesis of chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Intact endotoxin seems to be
necessary since neither the isolated lipid nor the polysaccharide part of E. coli O111B4
LPS affected the number of beta- adrenoceptors in the lung.